Hacken

Hacken is a cybersecurity expert group that includes companies and individuals working as cybersecurity consultants and offering related services for both non-blockchain and blockchain-based projects. It was established in 2017 with headquarters in Kyiv but operated globally and is a trusted partner of Vechain, CMC, Oneledger, AirAsia, and many more.

Hacken Group is the umbrella entity behind Hacken Cybersecurity Services and its other solutions and platforms such as CER.live - exchange certification and audit platform, HackenAI - mobile app to control your personal security; and HackenProof - crowdsource security bug bounty platform.

Specializing in blockchain security, it offers services in: 

  • Blockchain protocol security 

  • Ethereum contract audits 

  • Eos contract audits 

  • Tron contract audits 

  • Formal verification

Hacken has become a big name in the cybersecurity world, establishing itself as a leader in the blockchain space, especially due to their product regarding cryptocurrency exchange security auditing and ranking. 

The group is an ecosystem of Big Four professionals and white hat hackers who fledged to provide services to private individuals and companies and blockchain projects. Their vision is to build a solid foundation of products, scale new and existing solutions, and ensure the mass adoption of our native utility token, HAI.

The ecosystem’s native token HAI serves to fuel the development of these products and services and is used as an exclusive payment option within the Hacken Foundation, the online marketplace where pre-approved cybersecurity specialists can come and offer their services to other companies or individuals. 

Establishing this structure aims to increase security and trustworthiness in the crypto space by providing incentives for cybersecurity specialists to contribute their expertise to the upcoming projects or enhance the existing ones.

Plutus

Plutus is a FinTech that operates an application for facilitating transactions and payments both in fiat and crypto. It does so by enabling its users a wide range of benefits and additional tools. Some of the most important ones are its not custodial nature for crypto, as it lets users keep their crypto in their wallets, and having a virtual bank account info like a SWIFT and an IBAN (for Europe) and acc number/sort code for the UK. 

Being built in this way, the application lets you manage all of your funds from one place and in addition, offers a VISA debit card for spending funds in stores and online with over 60 million merchants worldwide. One of the benefits of using the card is a 3% reward emitted upon payment in Pluton token and up to 15% crypto rewards at selected retailers. Pluton (PLU) is the platform’s native cryptocurrency and is an ERC20 token that acts as the world’s first decentralized loyalty token. 

A built-in decentralized exchange enables exchange between fiat and crypto and offering a gateway to the decentralized economy. With a non-custodial wallet, crypto is converted  Peer-to-Peer. 

All of the crypto transactions are done in a decentralized manner as Plutus verifies crypto transactions between buyers and sellers on the blockchain without ever having to touch the users’ assets. Fiat currency is managed under the FCA guidelines that ensure funds are held in a segregated account to protect your deposits.

Boson Protocol

Boson protocol is building a Web3 dCommerce primitive for conducting commerce in a decentralized autonomous way, integrating real-world commerce and its data with smart contracts. Instead of using centralized market coordinators that serve as intermediaries between buyers and sellers, Boson Protocol offers a solution to perform these transactions in a trustless way that minimizes human arbitration. 

Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency whose transactions are irreversible. This means that another transaction must be generated in the case of customer dissatisfaction, fraud, or refund request. There’s no escrow or a dispute mechanism that can facilitate commerce with having in mind user protection. Also, if the seller is to make a refund, he would have to incur a loss in transaction fees in order to send back the money. 

Problems like these require a middleware solution on top of the existing layer-1 infrastructure (Currently Boson uses Ethereum)  that will provide these additional functionalities to cryptocurrency transactions in order to render them useful for the exchange of real-world goods or services. 

The protocol will provide an SDK and composable dCommerce lego bricks for developers to enable marketplaces, centralized and decentralized exchanges, DeFi projects, and virtual worlds to add dCommerce functionality to their businesses.  . Boson enables builders by providing software development kits and grants (via a dCommerce DAO)  for the development of these applications as a means to disrupt, demonopolize and democratize commerce. 

The core of the technology utilizes Non-Fungible Tokens in a novel way:ommitment Tokens, which represent the commitment to transact a Thing (product or service) in the real-world. Being built in this way, the Boson protocol aims at fostering an ecosystem of decentralized applications that will power the new dCommerce future. 

In order to succeed in these efforts,  Boson Protocol provides a composable dCommerce stack and is developing a library of developer tools and reference applications such as a decentralized marketplace for Things and a p2p app for real-world redemption. Its dCommerce DAO is a community-governed DAO for funding projects which build these applications in the  Boson Protocol ecosystem.

Radix

Radix is the first layer 1 protocol specifically built for Decentralized Financial applications. Since DeFi has specific needs, then other decentralized applications most applications are built on top of Ethereum which comes with some downsides. This is why Radix took the approach of building a new distributed ledger model to support decentralized applications more reliably, redesigning the consensus mechanism, smart contracts, and tokens. 

In Ethereum, the token is merely a representation of balance in one wallet, and the change of balance in one directly impacts the change in balance in the other. This can create many problems in DeFi applications due to bad coding or other issues with smart contracts working together in a composable way. 

Radix focuses on simplicity and control. While in competing platforms we see exploits on a daily basis, due to smart contract issues. In Radix, smart contracts are finite state machines that are easy to analyze, thus reducing the possibility of errors, bugs, and exploits.

With its unique design, it aims to solve some of the key problems currently faced by DeFi applications on Ethereum as the blockchain that is currently leading in the number of Dapps. These problems are:

  1. Reduce smart contract app hacks, exploits, and failures
  2. Build interoperable DeFi dApps faster
  3. Incentivize a decentralized development community
  4. Scale public ledger dApps without breaking DeFi composability

The project also makes a key focus on developers building these applications because if they can do a better job, DeFi products can be better. This is why they have built this new model having in mind the needs of developers and their specific problems. 

These problems are each associated with four crucial layers of a complete DeFi platform stack:

  1. Starting at the bottom of the stack, developers need a new consensus and network design to make DeFi scalable without breaking composability. This problem is the focus of our Cerberus consensus protocol.
  2. On that foundation, a new development environment is needed to let DeFi developers confidently create a new kind of smart contract that lowers the risks of hacks, exploits, and code failures. 
  3. Then to accelerate the building of interoperable DeFi apps, an on-ledger system is needed that provides access to modular DeFi “lego bricks.”
  4. And finally, to rapidly grow a community around these developer tools, we need a system that creates a decentralized, self-incentivizing developer ecosystem, similar to blockchain’s current self-incentivizing network infrastructure.

On the chart below, you can see these problems and their solution counterparts that have been developed by Radix.

Sentivate

Sentivate Network is a Web 3.0 solution that aims at building an infrastructure to replace the existing web. Its hybrid model between decentralized and centralized solutions promises to achieve greater speed, increase safety, and scalability than other strictly centralized or decentralized solutions can. 

Its approach is revolutionary instead of evolutionary as they want to replace the whole infrastructure with their proprietary one and mitigate the World Wide Web to their Universal Web, which is centralized focused and enhanced with decentralized components. 

The problems that the project outlines with the current internet architecture are bandwidth crisis, outdated protocols, broken DNS, lack of accountability, lack of identity, reactive security, Domain rules, and web categorization.

Sentivate addresses the following issues by providing new solutions like the Universal Data Stream Protocol, a UDP based low-latency, real-time, bi-directional, encrypted, and reliable Data Transport Protocol to replace to current HTTP; Universal Domain System with Domain Certificates, Domain Registrar, and Domain Information System to replace the current DNS; and Universal Identity System with Identity Certificates and Identity Registrar to increase accountability and security on the internet.

Instead of web applications, Sentivate Network introduces a new concept of hApps (hybridized applications) that can reduce bandwidth and increase throughput by working in a single-page-applications self-constructing manner.  

The network currently uses an SNTVT utility token, which is an Ethreum based ERC20, and serves to facilitate early-stage network participation like development and voting until the migration to their VIAT token is made.

They have also recently entered the DeFi market. In collaboration with Value DeFi Sentivate and Value launched the the world's-first liquidity mining program using the one-click solution of Value Liquid technology. You can read all the details about the programm here.

DeFi Money Market

DeFi Money Market is a project that enables users to earn high interest on their crypto deposits. Unlike other projects, it does so by tokenizing real-world revenue-generating assets like real estate, cars, art collections, aircraft, precious stones, and so on. Purchased assets can be easily verified as they are presented transparently, and all of the current assets held by the DMM Foundation can be viewed on the DMM Explorer.

Their wrapped token represents these assets with the prefix m (mToken). For example, collateralized stablecoins DAI and USDC with ETH, which is currently accepted, are represented as mDAI and mUSDC and mETH. You can start depositing those tokens, wrapping them up, and start earning 6.25% APY (Annual percentage yield).

The interest rate is lower than the revenue generated by the underlying assets, meaning that the DMM platform is over-collateralized to ensure a stable return. Even though the return is expressed annually, the user can easily swap back their wrapped mTokens back to the deposited crypto plus the interest earned up to date. 



Source: DeFi Money Market - Whitepaper

Another token in the DeFi Money Market ecosystem is the DMG, which is the governance token and is used by the holder to vote assets and participate in the development and management of the ecosystem as well as earn an extra 5.5% generated by the platform as a means of incentivizing them to participate.

DMM platform bridges the gap between digital assets and physical revenue-generating ones to provide a stable and high interest, solving the volatility problem in the first and low (zero)-interest rate in the second. The user can deposit ETH or any digital asset on the Ethereum blockchain (other ERC tokens) and get an equivalent wrapped mToken that represents the underlying digital asset in the same amount. When the user wants to withdraw his deposit, he returns the original digital asset plus the smart contract's specific yield and earns until the due date. 

Another interesting feature of the platform is that the users don't have to pay gas fees for these transactions. This is ensured by integrating delegated payments on the Ethereum network and enables further flexibility, profitability, and convenience for the user, knowing that he can withdraw funds without paying the fee so that his short-term deposits meant something.

Utrust

The Problem

Cryptocurrencies have been developed to substitute money and enable easier, faster, cheaper, and censorship-resistant commerce. One of Bitcoin's main cornerstone questions whose positive answer would signal success was: Can you pay coffee with it? 

Despite the tremendous success that Bitcoin has achieved in mainstream awareness, it has been adopted as it intended to be used - digital cash to be primarily used for transacting over the internet for goods and services. Why is that? 

Mainly because as it is today, when crypto leaves your wallet, it stops being your money, and with it, a set of problems occur that enable efficient commerce. First being that there isn't any incentive for the one at the receiving end to deliver the agreed value in exchange, e.i. There isn't a consumer protection mechanism. 

A buyer can send cryptocurrency to an address, but who guarantees that this address to which he sends crypto is the real seller's address or that he will, in return, deliver on his service, and how can a buyer be safe and claim a refund in case this happens? 

On the other side, sellers that want to receive value would like to receive a fixed and predetermined amount (cost of goods or services), and with the high volatility of crypto, that isn't possible. Every purchase is made for an equal amount, or the sellers don't have any certainty in doing business.  

There is also a matter of preference. With so many cryptocurrencies out there, it might be difficult for the buyer and the seller to agree on a particular coin they want to transact.  Also, there are high fees associated with exchanging them into fiat and bringing back that value into the real-world. 


UTRUST's approach

UTRUST is a payment gateway solution that allows buyers to purchase goods and services with their preferable crypto and sellers to receive FIAT, ensuring price stability and facilitating commerce. All this while maintaining an industry-standard in buyers' protection like chargeback and refunds, holding the seller's funds in escrow until services are delivered. This is why the platform positions itself as a layer of trust between the value exchange.

Acting as a mediator, UTRUST utilizes cryptocurrency transaction advantages - cheap, fast censorship-resistant payments while offering the seller a hedge against its number one disadvantage - price fluctuation. With the consumer protection and dispute resolution system, it can be annotated as the crypto-contender to PayPal. With its UTK native token, it can also act as an incentive mechanism and bring on-chain loyalty programs to the marketplaces and stores.

  

 

Waves

Waves tagline is “Innovations of tomorrow for people of today”. They go on to say: “ .. advancing technological frontiers for the pioneering developers of tomorrow and adopting them for every-day practical implementation.


The name Waves refers to the account driven open blockchain platform for exchanging value over the internet in a decentralized way and its SDK tools (Software development kit) for developing Web 3.0 applications. It uses its native WAVES token to perform transactions that are different for token transfer transactions and data transactions. Like Ethereum, it has smart contracts, a programming language called Ride, the possibility of creating custom tokens (smart assets), and decentralized applications.

It's governed towards ease of use for the end-user to utilize blockchain's power by increasing simplicity and feasibility in development or plain participation, thus reducing entry barriers and lowering onboarding friction on to the blockchain.

It's governed towards ease of use for the end-user to utilize blockchain's power by increasing simplicity and feasibility in development or plain participation, thus reducing entry barriers and lowering onboarding friction on to the blockchain.

It uses leased proof of stake consensus mechanism (LPoS), allowing users to lease their tokens to a Waves node, which validates transactions, earning a percentage of the node payout as a reward. The more tokens the leaser stakes, the higher the chance for that node is to find the block, thus the higher chance of getting the reward. A minimum of 1000 WAVES tokens is needed to run a node while there isn't a minimum for leasing to the node. 

Interoperability is yet another feature of this blockchain managed through the Gravity protocol solving the problem of fragmented data throughout the cryptocurrency market and real-world databases. Gravity is a blockchain-agnostic oracle and serves as a cross-chain communication network in a fully trustless decentralized way. Unlike other blockchain-based oracles, it runs without a token that guarantees that it doesn't favor any particular one. 

A third protocol component in the Waves ecosystem is its Neutrino protocol for that enables the tokenization of real-world assets such as USD into USDN whos price stability is ensured by Algorithmic stability and The Neutrino system base token (NSBT) as a reserve currency locked in the smart contract. This is mainly governed by enabling DeFi and creating a stablecoin USDN, which can be staked for a sustainable yield of 12-15% APR.

Waves platform also has its decentralized exchange (DEX) on which you can trade and invest in traditional cryptos as well as created custom tokens and smart assets.

Serum

Serum is the world's first completely decentralized derivatives exchange with trustless cross-chain trading brought to you by Project Serum, in collaboration with a consortium of crypto trading and DeFi experts. While we built the Serum protocol, it is permissionless – we do not hold special power anymore. It is up to you, the crypto community, to use it as you will.


The Problem

Decentralized exchanges and DeFi technology has experienced a boom. But the growing demand and increase in user base have brought to light some fundamental problems. 

Speed and cost have been the first apparent issues when it comes to DeFi. The fee cost is unclear in advance and can vary and go to several dollars per trade and get minutes to go through. In finance, that is very slow, expensive, and non-cost-effective, especially because centralized exchanges can meet these needs. 
Centralization is the next major issue with what’s supposed to be Decentralized finance as almost every Defi project bottoms out at the centralized oracle or a counsel of token holders. Or even to the team of the protocol itself. This creates again a central point of failure exposed to exploitation.
Stablecoins have to be by nature centralized as they are tied to the physical dollar bill or its equivalent amount as the banks aren’t on the blockchain. The current solutions have been more or less decentralized from Tether to USDC to DAI, but there were always tradeoffs to be made. 
Orderbooks are highly crucial for traders as they can reliably and trustworthy exchange their assets on automation and at the fixed price. Some of the current solutions like Uniswap and Kyber Network have eliminated this exchange mechanism, but this is only suitable for a market participant from the user bracket. For serious traders and investors having an orderbook is a must. 
Finally, the lack of cross-chain support. Almost all of the DeFi projects are exclusively in the Ethereum ecosystem and only enable exchanging ETH and ETH based assets. There are some cross-chain solutions, but again they are not being decentralized enough as, in the end, rely on the centralized entity to provide truth. 

 


How Serum tries to solve the problem 

Project Serum is a fully-decentralized cryptocurrency derivatives exchange that operates on the Solana blockchain. While being fully-decentralized and built on Solana, it has a full working capacity of centralized exchanges with an order book and fast order execution. On the other hand, it supports cross-chain swaps, enabling you to exchange coins between chains in a trustless and permissionless way. 

It’s ecosystem consists of seven ingredients: 

1.) Serum token (SRM): A utility and governance token of the ecosystem benefits its holder with voting rights, discounted fees, and interest from fees generated by the platform usage. 

2.) Cross-chain Support: Introducing smart contracts with collateral instead of nodes to perform the escrow service for exchanging coins from different chains. 

3.) Order book: The order book is automated and on-chain with the option of sending a limit order, allowing users to submit specific orders. 

4.) Ethereum and Solana integration: Solana is an interoperable blockchain with smart contracts and multiple settlement cycles per second at a low cost.

5.) Physical settlement for cross-chain contracts: Trading custom contracts allows the user to take on leveraged positions in any products that Serum has markets for – including cross-chain, physically settled contracts.

6.) SerumBTC: BTC tokenization with Serum contracts on Solana and Ethereum, creating another equivalent of interchangeable SerumBTC.

7.) SerumUSD: Stablecoin basked creation through the smart contract operation like in the case of Bitcoin, wrapping multiple stablecoins and creating an equivalent SerumUSD. 

Chiliz

Chiliz, powering the platform Socios.com, is an ecosystem for improving engagement between fans and their favorite sports or esports team. The fans get to be closer to their favorite club and get involved in a limited capacity to influence certain aspects of team management. The sports organizations, on the other hand, can improve their communications and relations with the fans, which should lead to increased fan commitment and loyalty.

In what Chiliz calls radical fan engagement, the aim is to provide a platform that enables an exchange between fans and their favorite team with a voting system that is designed to be difficult to compromise.  The fans get voting rights to guide some of their favorite teams’ management and strategy decisions with the help of blockchain technology. With Chiliz powering the Socios.com platform, fans can fund, support, and promote any sports or esports organizations. In turn, teams, leagues, or event organizers from any corner of the world can monetize fan demand.

Chiliz and Socios.com have potentially created a crowd management platform for teams, leagues, events, and games across multiple sports.

 

Sentinel

Based on interoperable blockchain technology, Sentinel Network aims to utilize multiple chains to create a decentralized solution for resource sharing withgovernance and fair incentivization.

As team stated on their AMA, “Sentinel is a distributed Resources and Services marketplace with bandwidth as the first resource and dVPN as the first dApp or Service running on the Sentinel Network. There are additional Services like Sentinel dChat, aka Sentrix that utilize both storage and bandwidth on the Sentinel Network.”

So far, the project focused on blockchain-based decentralized VPN/Security Suite project. dVPN is the project’s first & flagship dAPP, and it is based on a peer to peer technology. It means that the network runs because of people's support - no central server. They aim to step away from centralized servers and build something that can not be monitored by governments. To achieve this, they realized early that they need to incentivize people who share unused bandwidth with dVPN customers. 

dVPN allows a person to use the VPN service or help the VPN by sharing unused bandwidth with other people in the network. If you host a Service Node for the dVPN service (contribute network bandwidth and other resources by hosting), you can monetize your resources & earn SENT.

We used Sentinel dVPN (available on Google Play) for over 12 hours without any service interruption back in Q4 2019. You can find Windows, Linux & Mac clients here.

Beam

Beam is an open-source cryptocurrency that is powered by a novel blockchain technology named the Mimblewimble protocol. The team is aiming to create a best-in-class privacy coin by offering a winning combination of privacy, usability, and eventually opt-in compliance.

According to their latest Roadmap Update, they will focus their work on Atomic Swaps, Hardware Wallets. They will also work on extending the Beam ecosystem by adding Confidential Assets, i.e., the ability to issue additional coins/tokens on top of the Beam protocol. The team will also be working on further improving the privacy of the protocol by adding Lelantus-MW - an adaptation of Lelantus privacy protocol to Mimblewimble. Other items on the 2019 roadmap include multisig Tor/I2P integration. Beam also plans to invest resources into the development of opt-in compliance features.

Beam holds the crown for being the first live network that implemented the Mimblewimble protocol. Beam is written in C++ and expands on the original proposition of Mimblewimble with some additional features.

 

Stakenet

Stakenet started its journey as POSW back in late 2016. After the initial development, the team abandoned POSW. Later X9 development team took over and used POSW as a base starting point for Stakenet and began transitioning. The project is rebranded to Stakenet at the end of Q1 2018, and a chain swap happened during that time. The project is a POS (TPoS) blockchain & also supported by Masternodes. TPoS enables users to stake their coins offline directly from their local wallets or hardware wallets like Ledger & Trezor (Stakenet’s hardware wallet Viper is also in their roadmap).

They aim to provide simple & easy to understand (even by non-technical users) features - products to build an integrated decentralized ecosystem with cross-chain interaction possibilities. 

In their words:  

“Stakenet's mission is to make the XSN framework an ecosystem for cryptocurrencies, to access all their features from one single place, that can’t be hacked, shut down, corrupted or abused. Creating a truly decentralized, private, and trustless profit-driven economy for cryptocurrencies.”

Their own coin $XSN is aimed to be used as default currency as the legal tender and gas for the entire interchain ecosystem.

“XSN Cloud” is a product they offer for carefree staking solutions of various PoS projects such as PIVX & Stratis. You can try it out here: https://cloud.stakenet.io/ & you can check out the up to date rewards here https://cloud.stakenet.io/rewards.

Another product they want to offer in the future is a Decentralized  Exchange - Stakenet dx. The masternodes supporting the network will get 100% of the fees collected.  The same goes for the rest of the applications they want to create on the Stakenet ecosystem.

Horizen

Horizen is building a technology platform with optional privacy features that aims to enable an application-rich and inclusive ecosystem to provide people with freedom and everyday usability.

Launched in May 2017, the leading-edge platform enables real-life uses beyond its cryptocurrency - ZEN, including the ability to deploy sidechains and integrate third-party technologies.

The Horizen ecosystem consists of several layers. At the base layer, there is ZEN cryptocurrency with an optional privacy feature, which allows you to exercise control of your digital footprint. With around 35% of the current supply of ZEN staked as of October 2020, Secure and Super Nodes operate the infrastructure layer for Horizen and make it the largest node network (40000+ nodes). Secure Nodes are full nodes with TLS encryption enabled to secure inter-node communication which prevents things like man-in-the-middle attacks. Super Nodes are currently more powerful Secure Nodes but they will be required to host Horizen's core sidechains in the future, like Treasury sidechain. 

The infrastructure layer enables the technology platform of the industry-first fully decentralized and unfederated sidechain solutions, Zendoo, with an open-sourced Software Development Kit (SDK) (currently in Beta. Final version on mainnet scheduled for Q1 2021), which in turn makes it possible to deploy dApps, products, and services which brings blockchain benefits to life through real-world utility. Both types of nodes are incentivized, and each gets 10% of the block rewards which are then equally distributed between node operators.